The physical topology between eBGP peers is often a single link, mainly because the connection is between different companies in different autonomous systems. As a result, eBGP peering can simply use the interface IP addresses for redundancy, because if the link fails, the TCP connection will fail because there is no longer an IP route between the peers. For instance, in Figure 12-2, the R1-R6 eBGP peering uses interface IP addresses defined in the neighbor commands. When IP..
In addition to the TKIP solution, the 802.11i standard includes the Advanced Encryption Standard protocol. AES offers much stronger encryption than WEP or TKIP. In fact, the U.S. Commerce Department’s National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST) organization chose AES to replace the aging Data Encryption Standard (DES). AES is now a Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS Publication 197, that defines a cryptographic algorithm for use by U.S. government or..
802.11 Wired Equivalent Privacy uses a common key to encrypt and decrypt data frame contents between 802.11 stations at Layer 2. 802.11, however, does not define a mechanism for distributing WEP keys to the stations. This requires the administrator or users to manually configure their radio cards with the encryption key, and it is not practical to change the key. Thus, WEP keys remain the same on most wireless LANs for months or years. This allows enough time for a hacker to ..
Routing Policy and the Routing Arbiter Service
Remember that NSFNET has been using a Policy Routing DataBase (PRDB) since 1989, both to prevent routing loops when EGP was used between the backbone and the regionals, and to ensure that each regional announced correct routing information. (Incorrect information could be announced simply due to configuration errors in the regional networks.) When it was introduced, BGP made loop detection easy by virtue of its path attribute. If an AS appears in the path twice, the route i..
Configuring RSVP Support for Frame Relay
This section explains the major configuration tasks involved in establishing a reserved-bandwidth path via the RSVP Support for Frame Relay feature between two users on a Frame Relay network. To enable RSVP Support for Frame Relay, perform the configuration steps described below, beginning from the global configuration mode. Note that some configuration steps are listed as optional. Step 1. Enter the interface configuration mode of the Frame Relay interfa..
