Layer 3 switching configuration works similarly to router configuration—IP addresses are assigned to interfaces, and routing protocols are defined. The routing protocol configuration works just like a router; however, the interface configuration on MLS switches differs slightly from routers, using VLAN interfaces, routed interfaces, and PortChannel interfaces. VLAN interfaces give a Layer 3 switch a Layer 3 interface attached to a VLAN. Cisco sometimes refers to these inter..
Processes of Link-State Protocols
The link-state protocols consist of four processes: Receive process The received information is processed, and then is given to the update process. The receive process does not make decisions—it simply forwards information to the two other processes. Update process Receives information from the receive process, processes the information received from all the neighbors, and creates information about the local router states. The updat..
Mapping IP Multicast Addresses to MAC Addresses
Assigning a Layer 3 multicast address to a multicast group (application) automatically generates a Layer 2 multicast address. Figure 19-6 shows how a multicast MAC address is calculated from a Layer 3 multicast address. The MAC address is formed using an IEEE-registered OUI of 01005E, then a binary 0, and then the last 23 bits of the multicast IP address. The method is identical for Ethernet and Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI). Figure 19-6 Calculating a Multicast Des..
Hundreds of thousands of data applications exist on the Internet, in all shapes and sizes. Some are TCP, others are UDP; some are delay sensitive, others are not; some are bursty in nature, others are steady; some are lightweight, others are bandwidth hogsthe list goes on. Data traffic characteristics vary from one application to another, as illustrated in Figure 2-4, which compares an enterprise resource planning (ERP) application (Oracle) with another (SAP). F..
Showing HSRP State Information
To view the HSRP information, use the following EXEC command: Router2#show standby You can view the HSRP information for a specific interface with the following EXEC command: Router2#show standby FastEthernet 1/0 Use the keyword brief to show an overview of HSRP information: Router2#show standby brief The basic show standby command without any additional keywords displays all of the HSRP information for all groups and interfaces on the router: Router2#show standby Fa..
