The Route Reflector Preserves IBGP Attributes
The route reflector concept does not change IBGP behavior—the route reflector is not allowed to modify the attributes of the reflected IBGP routes. The NEXT_HOP attribute, for example, remains the same when an IBGP route is exchanged between RRs. This is necessary to avoid loops inside the AS. Figure 9-6 illustrates why the RR should not modify the attributes of the reflected IBGP routes. The NEXT_HOP attribute is used as an example. Figure 9-6 focuses on the portion of the..
Multiprotocol Label Switching Introduction
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is an emerging technology that aims to address many of the existing issues associated with packet forwarding in today’s Internetworking environment. Members of the IETF community worked extensively to bring a set of standards to market and to evolve the ideas of several vendors and individuals in the area of label switching. The IETF document draft-ietf-mpls-framework contains the framework of this initiative and describes the primary go..
Independent Forwarding and Control
With conventional IP packet forwarding, any change in the information that controls the forwarding of packets is communicated to all devices within the routing domain. This change always involves a period of convergence within the forwarding algorithm. A mechanism that can change how a packet is forwarded, without affecting other devices within the network, certainly is desirable. To implement such a mechanism, forwarding devices (routers) should not rely on IP header infor..
Traffic policers measure the traffic rate for data entering or exiting an interface, with the goal of determining if a configured traffic contract has been exceeded. The contract has two components: a traffic rate, configured in bits/second, and a burst size, configured as a number of bytes. If the traffic is within the contract, all packets are considered to have conformed to the contract. However, if the rate or burst exceeds the contract, then some packets are considered..
Enabling Secure HTTP (HTTPS) Access to a Router
The Secure HTTP feature provides you with a secure and encrypted method to access the router via a web browser using Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security. This prevents HTTP sessions from being intercepted or attacked. By default, the router creates a self-signed digital certificate that is required for secure access. The router adds the digital certificate to its configuration: Router2#show running-config | section crypto crypto pki trustpoint TP-self-signed-261..
