Avoiding Suboptimal Routing Decisions When Redistributing
Routing loops are only one problem that can result from redistributing routes between routing protocols. Suboptimal routing is another problem occasionally created by redistribution. For example, the administrative distance selects the suboptimal path when a directly connected network is designed as a backup link. Although this is a problem of administrative distance as opposed to redistribution, it is important to ensure that the suboptimal path is not propagated into the ne..
Traps represent a far more timely and efficient mechanism for detecting and isolating faults. The drawback is that they are not reliable. If a router malfunctions, it may not send traps; if network connectivity is completely broken as a result of a failure, the trap may never be received. As a result, the typical arrangement for fault management primarily relies on traps, but is backed up by "slow" polling, on the order of a minute or more. On Cisco routers, if ..
Frame Relay Traffic Shaping Configuration
Frame Relay Traffic Shaping (FRTS) differs from CB Shaping in several significant ways, although the underlying token-bucket mechanics are identical. The following list highlights some of the key similarities and differences: ■ FRTS can be used only on Frame Relay interfaces, whereas CB Shaping can be used with any underlying data link protocol. ■ Like CB Shaping, FRTS allows a large number of IOS queuing tools to be used instead of a single FIFO shaping queue. Unlike C..
Ensuring the ELANs Are Functional between the Source and the Destination
If you configure the ELANs correctly, you should be able to ping each of the interfaces for each MPS and NHS along the default path between the source and destination client. If not, you either configured the ELAN incorrectly, you have a Layer 3 issue such as a bad IP address, or you have some routing protocol issues. Examine your intra-ELAN connectivity first. See if you can ping the neighbor device(s) within the ELAN. If you can, ping the next device in the next ELAN, eith..
Use the ntp logging command to enable the logging of NTP events: Router2#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router2(config)#ntp logging Router2(config)#end Router2# Starting in IOS Version 12.3(7)T, Cisco added the NTP logging feature. By implementing this feature, the router will log significant NTP events such as peer loss, peer reachability, and clock synchronization events. To view the NTP logging events on the router..
