All types of LSAs are permitted in the regular area. All specific information from other areas is sent as a summary LSA, whereas redistributed information is sent as an external LSA. In a regular area, all routers contain all the routing information and will have the optimal path to the destination. A drawback of regular areas is that flaps caused by link failure outside the area will force partial SPF calculations. Route flapping can have a serious impact on the netw..
Class-Based Shaping Configuration
Class-Based Shaping (CB Shaping) implements all the core concepts described so far in this hapter, plus several other important features. First, it allows for several Cisco IOS queuing ools to be applied to the packets delayed by the shaping process. At the same time, it allows or fancy queuing tools to be used on the interface software queues. It also allows for lassification of packets, so that some types of packets can be shaped at one rate, a second type f packet can be s..
Generic Traffic Shaping works on an entire interface to limit the rate that it sends data. This first version restricts all outbound traffic to 500,000 bits per second: Router#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0 Router(config-if)#traffic-shape rate 500000 Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#end Router# You can also specify traffic shaping for packets that match a particular access-l..
The more difficult task with OSPF route summarization occurs when planning the design of IP address blocks and OSPF areas. When the IP addressing plan and OSPF design have been completed, if the subnet numbers inside an area happen to be from the same general range, and none of the subnet in that range exist in other OSPF areas, then a reasonable summary route can be created at the ABRs connected to that area. Without first having such a reasonable block of addresses, route s..
Extended IP access-lists can also filter based on application information, such as protocol and port numbers: Router1#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router1(config)#access-list 151 permit tcp any any eq wwwRouter1(config)#access-list 151 deny tcp any any gt 1023Router1(config)#access-list 151 permit icmp any anyRouter1(config)#access-list 151 permit udp any any eq ntpRouter1(config)#access-list 151 deny ip any anyRouter1(co..
