Before going too far, it can be useful to see an example of a route map. Example 12-1 shows how a route map might be applied to cupcakes. Although this is not a real route map, it is intended to demonstrate the flow of the tool. Example 12-1. Route-Map Logic Notice the following facts relating to Example 12-1: • All route maps with the same name are part of a list. In this example, the list name is cupcakes. • Route maps are organized by sequence n..
Customer premises equipment (CPE) usually includes the router, the CSU/DSU, the cabling, and often an analog modem for OOB (out-of-band) access for monitoring and management. ISPs typically offer the customer a choice of buying the CPE and access line, buying just the access line, or just paying a monthly fee with all equipment and access needs taken care of by the ISP. As with most everything, any arrangement is available at the right price. ISPs usually are responsible for ..
BGP-4 Protocol Specification and Functionality
RFC 1771 defines the current Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4) implementation. BGP relies on a reliable transport mechanism to establish its connection and for exchanging information between BGP peers. BGP uses TCP port 179 for this purpose and benefits from the TCP protocol to offer reliable communication between BGP speakers. RFC 1771 describes in detail the requirements of BGP neighbor relationships, BGP update format, error notifications, and handling of special cases. P..
NIDS hardening is usually very straightforward. NIDS generally don't support any ancillary services, so they are fairly easy to secure. The primary hardening task is to ensure that the detection interface is not reachable at L3 and that the management interface connects directly back to a trusted location within your management network. This way, the NIDS should be difficult to access from the location in which you are likely to see the most attacks. The second main step inc..
Changing Administrative Distances
When dealing with administrative distances, always bear in mind that they only affect route selection on this particular router. Administrative distances are not distributed by the routing protocols. However, they can affect the routing protocols. Distance vector algorithms in particular only distribute the routes that are used locally. Adjusting the administrative distance could change which routes are used. So you should always be extremely careful when adjusting administra..
