Common and Cisco-Specific Tools
A variety of tools are available under different platforms. It is worthwhile to explore each of them, and to create a set of pros and cons for each one. This type of research is worth a separate book. One possible approach to classify all tools is the following: • Network monitoring tools such as local-area network (LAN) and wide-area network (WAN) analyzers and sniffers, such as Sniffer Pro from Network Associates or EtherPeek. • Remote control software, such as..
An AS is multihomed if it has more than one exit point to the outside world. An AS can be multihomed to a single provider or multiple providers. A nontransit AS does not allow transit traffic to go through it. Transit traffic is any traffic that has a source and destination outside the AS. Figure 4-5 illustrates an AS (AS1) that is nontransit and multihomed to two providers, ISP1 and ISP2. Figure 4-5. Multihomed Nontransit AS Example A nontransit AS would only advertis..
You have seen earlier that to make forwarding decisions, edge LSRs consult not only LFIB but also FIB tables. Although the label-based forwarding procedure is simple and conducive for high-performance forwarding, nevertheless edge LSRs still must perform conventional IP address lookups during label-imposition and sometimes during label-disposition operations. If you consider an LSR that is to act as a transit LSR for all traffic, in theory the LSR should be able to forward al..
Cisco Implementations of Frame Relay Fragmentation
This section discusses the few fragmentation schemes supported by Cisco. Cisco has developed three different methods of performing fragmentation with Frame Relay: FRF.12 Fragmentation, Frame Relay Fragmentation using FRF.11 Annex C, and the Cisco Proprietary Fragmentation. Each fragmentation scheme uses a different data format or encapsulation. Frame Relay frames are fragmented based on one of the three formats, depending on how the Frame Relay PVC was set up. It is importan..
To use Bidirectional PIM, you must configure all of the routers in your network to support this method of building multicast forwarding trees. The RP configuration looks like this: Router-RP1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router-RP1(config)#ip multicast-routing Router-RP1(config)#ip pim bidir-enable Router-RP1(config)#ip pim rp-address 192.168.12.1 bidir Router-RP1(config)#ip pim rp-candidate Loopback0 group-list ..
