An RF signal has characteristics that enable it to be sent from an antenna, through the air medium, and received by another antenna at the destination. RF signals are analog in nature. A computer, though, uses digital signals to represent bits of information. Before transmitting data through the air, the transceiver within the radio cards and access points must convert digital signals into analog signals suitable for transmission through the air medium. As part of receiving ..
In most cases, an access router serves a large number of customers. With modern access technology, this number can reach the thousands. As a result, resilient connectivity to the distribution routers is recommended. This may be accomplished using a self-healing LAN technology, such as FDDI. Alternatively, as with the connectivity between distribution and backbone routes, this may involve the use of redundant LAN switches. If the access router is the only node in a small POP, ..
Finding Types of IP Routes Often you are more interested in finding all of the directly connected networks, or all of the static routes, rather than in finding a specific route. This is found easily by specifying the type of route in the show command: Router>show ip route connected 192.168.17.0/27 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 192.168.17.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 172.16.0.0/30 is subnet..
Cisco routers have several useful debug features that you can use to isolate multicast problems. The first is a general command that shows how the router maintains its multicast routing tables when it hears from sources and group members: Router#debug ip mrouting You can watch the actual multicast packets for a particular group using the command: Router#debug ip mpacket 239.5.5.55 And the other commonly useful multicast debug command looks specifically at IGMP information..
The ip ospf priority configuration command allows you to weight the Designated Router (DR) selection process on a network segment. The following configuration examples are for three different routers that all share the same Ethernet segment. Router5 has the highest OSPF priority, so it will become the DR. Router1 has the second highest priority because we want it to be the Backup Designated Router (BDR). Router1 is connected to this network segment through a VLAN trunk: Rout..
