Figure 17-1 shows a company topology. The CIO wants to address the team via video-over- IP and asks everyone to attend the video briefing. Notice that the Ethernet links are Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) and that the WAN link is a DS3 (about 45 Mbps). Users A, B, C, and E wish to attend the online briefing, but user D does not. Figure 17-1. Network Topology What would happen if the video were distributed using unicast? First, if the video stream were 1-Mbps then eac..
Mnemonics for Memorizing the Decision Process
Many people do not bother to memorize the BGP decision process steps. However, memorizing the list is very useful for both the CCIE Routing Switching written and lab exams. This section provides a set of mnemonic devices to aid you in memorizing the list. Please feel free to learn the mnemonic or skip to the next heading, at your discretion. Table 13-8 BGP Decision Process Mnemonic: N WLLA OMNI The first mnemonic step is to memorize the nine trigger letters—single..
Configuring Bandwidth over a Hybrid Multipoint Network
If the multipoint network has differing speeds allocated to the VCs, a more complex solution is needed. There are two main approaches: • Take the lowest CIR and multiply it by the number of circuits. Apply the product as the bandwidth of the physical interface. The problem with this configuration is that EIGRP will underutilize the higher-bandwidth links. • If possible, it is much easier to configure and manage an environment that has used subinterfaces, whe..
WFQ Drop Policy, Number of Queues, and Queue Lengths
WFQ uses a two-step process called modified tail drop to choose when to drop packets. First, WFQ considers the absolute limit on the number of packets enqueued among all queues; this limit is called the hold-queue limit. If a new packet arrives, and the hold-queue limit has been reached, the packet is discarded. That part of the decision is based not on a single queue, but on the whole WFQ queuing system for the interface. Second, WFQ considers the length of the queue into w..
Basic Security on Cisco Routers
You can access a Cisco router in a number of ways. You can physically access a router through the console port, or you can access a router remotely through a modem via the auxiliary port. You can also access a router through a network or virtual terminal ports (vty lines), which allow remote Telnet access. If you do not have physical access to a routereither through a console port or through an auxiliary port via dialupyou can access a router through the software interface, ..
