Generic Terms and Characteristics of BGP Pas

Each BGP PA can be described as either a well-known or optional PA. These terms refer to whether a particular implementation of BGP software must support the PA (well known) or support for the PA is not required (optional). Well-known PAs are either one of the following: ■ Mandatory—The PA must be in every BGP Update ■ Discretionary—The PA is not required in every BGP Update These classifications relate not to the capabilities of a BGP implementation, but rather t..

Finding Exclusive Summary Routes—Binary

Finding the best inclusive summary lends itself to a formal binary process, as well as to a formal decimal process. The binary process runs as follows: Step 1 Write down the binary version of each component subnet, one on top of the other. Step 2 Inspect the binary values to find how many consecutive bits have the exact same value in all component subnets. That number of bits is the prefix length. Step 3 Write a new 32-bit number at the bottom of the list by copying ..

Associate Ports with Private VLANs

First, define the function of the port that will participate on a private VLAN using the following configuration command: Switch(config-if)# switchport mode private-vlan {host | promiscuous} If the host connected to this port is a router, firewall, or common gateway for the VLAN, use the promiscuous keyword. This allows the host to reach all other promiscuous, isolated, or community ports associated with the primary VLAN. Otherwise, any isolated or community port must receiv..

Redistributing Static Routes into OSPF

To redistribute static routes into an OSPF process, use the redistribute static configuration command: Router1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router1(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.22.1.4Router1(config)#ip route 172.24.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.22.1.4Router1(config)#ip route 10.100.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.22.1.4Router1(config)#router ospf 55Router1(config-router)#redistribute static     % Onl..

Keeping Statistics on Routing Table Changes

It is often extremely difficult to tell when there are stability problems in your network. This command doesn't tell you much about what the problems are, but it can at least tell you how serious the problems are. However, to be useful, you must check these statistics periodically. Otherwise, it's difficult to know whether the issues highlighted occurred recently. To explain what the output means, let's look at the first few lines in more detail: Router#show ip route profile ..