Troubleshooting PIM Sparse Mode
PIM sparse mode operates differently than dense mode and is more complex. The trouble-shooting steps are similar to the dense mode case. Figure 13-5 shows the troubleshooting flowchart for the PIM sparse mode problem. Figure 13-5. Flowchart for Troubleshooting PIM Sparse Mode Problems The case study that follows examines troubleshooting a PIM sparse mode problem in which the leaf router sends joins to the RP. Figure 13-6 illustrates the network diagram of this case study...
External BGP (EBGP) neighbors are usually directly connected. In Figure 8-13, you configure EBGP between Routers A and B and investigate the operation and configuration of EBGP neighbors. Figure 8-13. Configuring EBGP The first step in configuring EBGP is to configure a loopback interface on Routers A and B. (See Example 8-2.) As with OSPF, the IP address assigned to the loopback interface is used as the BGP router ID. Example 8-2. Configuring Loopback Interfaces on Routers..
Implementing Standards-Based Per-Hop Behavior
This recipe constructs an approximate implementation of both Expedited Forwarding and Assured Forwarding, while still ensuring that network control packets do not suffer from delays due to application traffic. With the QoS enhancements provided in IOS Version 12.1(5)T and higher, there is a straightforward way to accomplish this using a combination of WRED, CBWFQ, and Low Latency Queuing (LLQ): Router#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End w..
This section discusses the adaptive shaping to BECN component of the Frame Relay Traffic Shaping feature. When adaptive shaping to BECN is enabled on a Cisco router, the router throttles its output transmission rate on a Frame Relay PVC based on BECN tagged packets received from the Frame Relay network. To use adaptive shaping to BECN, Frame Relay Traffic Shaping must be configured at the main interface. When a Cisco router receives a BECN tagged packet in the opposite direc..
It's important to remember that unlike EIGRP and RIP, OSPF uses a link state rather than a distance vector algorithm. One place where this difference becomes clear is in route filtering. At a minimum, every router in an area must see the LSAs for every other router in the same area. Depending on the type of area, it may also see summary LSAs representing routing information from other areas or other autonomous systems. These LSA packets are flooded throughout the area, with e..
