Dense and Sparse Multicast Routing Protocols
Multicast routing protocols are also described as either sparse or dense. A dense multicast routing protocol assumes that all hosts on all links are interested in the traffic and so floods multicasts out all paths, only to have some paths ask not to receive the traffic. This could succinctly be described as "bush out, prune back." Sparse multicast routing protocols assume that no one wants the traffic until they ask for it. Dense-mode protocols work better in LA..
Example of OSPF Network Types and NBMA
On NBMA networks with an OSPF network type that requires that a DR be elected, you must take care to make sure the correct DR is elected. The reason is that the DR and BDR must each have a PVC connecting it to all the DROther routers—otherwise, LSA flooding will not be possible. So, with partial meshes, the election should be influenced by configuring the routers’ priority and RIDs such that the hub site of a hub-and-spoke partial mesh becomes the DR. Figure 10-3 shows an..
The show ip ospf border-routers Command
The show ip ospf border-routers command shows the ABRs and ASBRs that the internal router has in its routing table. This command is excellent for troubleshooting configuration errors and understanding how the network is communicating. In a multiarea network, the show ip ospf border-routers command can immediately indicate why users cannot connect outside their area: Router#show ip ospf border-routers Example 7-9 shows the output of this command. Exa..
One advantage of the single CPU architecture is that performance improvements could be obtained merely by increasing the speed of the CPU (which occurred through the CSC and CSC3 motherboards, respectively). However, as the demand for greater throughput increased, it became necessary to increase the bus speed and offload some of the switching from the CPU. A new series of bit-slice-processor interface cards, coupled with a 533 Mbps cbus and associated controller, did just tha..
IPv6 Route Filtering and Metric Manipulation in RIP
There are several types of route filtering available with RIP and IPv6. The first is a simple summary address, which you can configure on the interface that will be sending this summary information: Router1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0 Router1(config-if)#ipv6 rip RIP_PROC summary-address AAAA:99::8:0/109 Router1(config-if)#exit Router1(config)#end Router1# In addition to summ..
