Looking at RTF's BGP table in Example 11-36, you can see the AS_PATH information at the end of each line. Network 192.68.11.0/24 is learned via IBGP with AS_PATH 1 and via EBGP with AS_PATH 2 1. This means that if RTF wanted to reach 192.68.11.0/24 via IBGP, it could go to AS1, and if RTF wanted to reach 192.68.11.0/24 via EBGP, it would have to go via AS2 and then AS1. BGP always prefers the shortest path, which is why the path via IBGP with AS_PATH 1 is preferred. The > ..
Dedicated Internet access is commonly provided at speeds of 56 kbps or 64 kbps up to T1/E1 lines (1.5 and 2 Mbps, respectively) on the lower end and T3/E3 (45 and 34 Mbps, respectively) and OC3 (155 Mbps) on the higher end. Dedicated Internet access providers are also beginning to provide OC12 (622 Mbps) and even OC48 (2.5 Gbps) high-speed access services. Dedicated access connections are used when bandwidth utilization is predictable and the frequency of network access is hi..
The mechanisms of BSR and candidate RPs are quite complicated. Cisco offers an elegant and simple alternative called auto-RP. To enable auto-RP, configure all RP routers to advertise active groups via the ip pim send-rp- announce global configuration command, as follows: ip pim send-rp-announce loopback 1 scope 16 These announcements are sent to the well-known group address CISCO-RP-ANNOUNCE (224.0.1.39). Loopback 1 is an RP address a..
RSVP-TE Control-Plane and Forwarding-Plane Components
Now that the usage of RSVP-TE in MPLS-TE has been reviewed, focus turns to the main topic of this chapter: the RSVP-TE control-plane restart. In this chapter, the term FEC refers to an aggregate of data flows defined in terms of filters such as source IP address and other fields in the packet header. Each LSP tunnel is associated with a FEC that specifies which particular set of packets is to be mapped onto the LSP tunnel. RSVP-TE is used to create both resource reservations ..
You can use the ntp access-group command to restrict which devices you want your router to allow NTP associations with: Router#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#access-list 88 permit host 172.25.1.1 Router(config)#access-list 88 permit host 10.1.1.1 Router(config)#access-list 99 permit 172.25.0.0 0.0.255.255 Router(config)#access-list 99 permit 10.2.0.0 0.0.255.255 Router(config)#clock timezone EST -5 Router(..
