Black hole filtering is an alternative technique you can deploy in place of access control lists to filter out undesired traffic. You create black hole filters by creating specific routes for the traffic that needs to be filtered and then pointing these routes to a null interface. A null interface cannot pass traffic, so it drops the traffic. This has some performance gains over traditional access list filtering. In the case of access lists, the traffic first has to be routed..
The MPLS architecture, as discussed so far, enables the smooth integration of traditional routers and ATM switches in a unified IP backbone (IP+ATM architecture). The real power of MPLS, however, lies in other applications that were made possible, ranging from traffic engineering to peer-to-peer Virtual Private Networks. All MPLS applications use control-plane functionality similar to the IP routing control plane shown in Figure C-6 to set up the label switching database. Fig..
IPX RIP is a NetWare dynamic routing protocol similar in function to IP RIP. IPX RIP is a distance vector routing protocol that establishes and maintains IPX routing tables between IPX routers and NetWare servers. We discussed IP RIP and the properties of distance vector routing protocols. IPX RIP is an interior gateway protocol (IGP). There is no exterior gateway protocol (EGP) routing protocol in IPX because NetWare runs on intranets, not over the public Internet. IPX RIP i..
No discussion of the evolution of data networking would be complete without some commentary on OSI. Benefits of OSI By the early 1980s, the networking community was tired of being tied to proprietary networking solutions. To promote a smoother system with more support, both hosts and networking infrastructure had to come from the same vendor. Admittedly, development according to standards could squash creativity, but from a customer perspective, this was an acce..
Hosts normally use the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) to resolve an unknown MAC address when the IP address is known. If a MAC address is needed so that a packet can be forwarded at Layer 2, a host broadcasts an ARP request that contains the IP address of the target in question. If any other host is using that IP address, it responds with an ARP reply containing its MAC address. The ARP process works well among trusted and well-behaved users. However, suppose that a..
