The MPLS architecture, as discussed so far, enables the smooth integration of traditional routers and ATM switches in a unified IP backbone (IP+ATM architecture). The real power of MPLS, however, lies in other applications that were made possible, ranging from traffic engineering to peer-to-peer Virtual Private Networks. All MPLS applications use control-plane functionality similar to the IP routing control plane shown in Figure C-6 to set up the label switching database. Fig..
The world of IP networking certainly has a rosy future. The industry anticipates a general convergence of voice and data networks. Gateways between traditional voice networks and IP networks are already commercially available, and many multimedia applications now support operation over an IP network. As the installed base of fiber increases, you can expect IP routers to interface directly to fiber via Packet Over Sonet (POS) at extremely high speeds. Each fiber ..
Class-Based WFQ and Low-Latency Queuing
Cisco created CBWFQ and LLQ using some of the best concepts from PQ, CQ, and WFQ, while adding several additional features. CBWFQ reserves bandwidth for each queue, and provides the ability to use WFQ concepts for packets in the default (class-default) queue. LLQ adds to CBWFQ the concept of a priority queue, but unlike PQ, LLQ prevents the high-priority queue from starving other queues. Additionally, both CBWFQ and LLQ use MQC for configuration, which means that the..
To automatically adjust the router time to account for the new extended Daylight Saving Time, starting in March 2007, use the following commands: Router2#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router2(config)#clock timezone EST -5 Router2(config)#clock summer-time EDT recurring 2 Sun Mar 2:00 1 Sun Nov 2:00 Router2(config)#end Router2# The U.S. Energy Policy Act of 2005 includes changes to extend Daylight Saving Time (DST) by ..
hoosing Where to Summarize Routes
EIGRP supports route summarization at any router, unlike OSPF, which requires that summarization be performed only at area border routers (ABR) or autonomous system border routers (ASBR). EIGRP’s flexibility helps when designing the internetwork, but it also poses some questions as to where to summarize EIGRP routes. In some cases, the options are relatively obvious. For example, consider the 10.17.32.0/19 address block in manufacturing in Figure 1-1. The manufacturing divi..
