Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol
RFC 2710 defines specifications for the Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol. MLD is derived from IGMPv2 and is designed for IPv6. The operation of MLD is similar to IGMPv2. The major differences between IGMPv2 and MLD are as follows: ■ All the multicast devices on a subnet use a special IPv6 link-local address as their source address in their communication to other multicast devices. The use of the link-local source address prevents the MLD packet from traveling be..
The two most popular Layer 2 protocols used on point-to-point links are High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). The ISO standard for the much older HDLC does not include a Type field, so the Cisco HDLC implementation adds a Cisco-proprietary 2-byte Type field to support multiple protocols over an HDLC link. PPP includes an architected Protocol field, plus a long list of rich features. Table 17-5 points out some of the key comparison points of t..
A wealth of security concepts have been covered in the previous chapters; now, you are ready to look at some of the techniques that are used to secure areas of your network that are vulnerable to attacks, in particular the demilitarized zone (DMZ). The DMZ is defined as an isolated part of the network that is easily accessible to hosts outside of the network, such as the Internet. Figure 6-1 displays a typical network design where a DMZ is defined with a number of bastion h..
In this example, we will assume that we have a host device, acting as the sender, with IP address 192.168.100.202 and a second host, acting as the receiver, with IP address 192.168.9.100. The first host is connected to FastEthernet0/0 Router1: Router1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0 Router1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.100.21 255.255.255.0 Router1(config-if)#ip rsvp bandwidth 128..
The IEEE 802.1Q protocol also can carry VLAN associations over trunk links. However, this frame-identification method is standardized, allowing VLAN trunks to exist and operate between equipment from multiple vendors. In particular, the IEEE 802.1Q standard defines an architecture for VLAN use, services provided with VLANs, and protocols and algorithms used to provide VLAN services. You can find further information about the 802.1Q standard at http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/ ..
