Setting Up Multicast Networking
There are three steps to setting up IP multicast routing on a Cisco router: Step 1. Enable multicast routing Step 2. Turn on PIM in appropriate mode on selected interfaces Step 3. Set up rendezvous points (RPs) The following sections describe each step in greater detail.’
Multicast Forwarding Using Sparse Mode
A dense-mode routing protocol is useful when a multicast application is so popular that you need to deliver the group traffic to almost all the subnets of a network. However, if the group users are located on a few subnets, a dense-mode routing protocol will still flood the traffic in the entire internetwork, wasting bandwidth and resources of routers. In those cases, a sparse-mode routing protocol, such as PIM-SM, could be used to help reduce waste of network resources. The ..
The first major deployment of RSVP technology came with Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) traffic engineering (TE). MPLS traffic engineering automatically establishes and maintains label-switched paths (LSPs) across the backbone by using RSVP to establish and guarantee "tunnels" of predictable bandwidth. RSVP operates at each LSP hop and is used to signal and maintain LSPs based on the MPLS TE calculated path. MPLS TE uses principles from RFC 2205 (basic RSVP) and RFC 3209..
The following commands configure various types of banners on a router: Router1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router1(config)#banner exec # This is an exec banner #Router1(config)#banner login # This is a login banner #Router1(config)#banner motd $ This is a motd banner $Router1(config)#endRouter1# Notice that the router accept almost any delimiter character, as long as the start and end delimiter is iden..
At the access layer, end-user devices connect to switch ports that provide simple connectivity to a single VLAN each. The attached devices are unaware of any VLAN structure and simply attach to what appears to be a normal physical network segment. Remember, sending information from an access link on one VLAN to another VLAN is not possible without the intervention of an additional device—either a Layer 3 router or an external Layer 2 bridge. Note that a single switch port ..
