The final step is to configure RPs. To manually identify an RP, use the following global configuration command: Router(config)# ip pim rp-address ip-address [access-list] [override] Alternatively, RPs can be dynamically determined using Auto-RP. With Auto-RP, some routers need to volunteer to be RPs, while others need to advertise the RPs. Auto-RP identifies a centrally located and well-connected router to function as the mapping agent. The mapping agent learns ..
Establishing Adjacencies on an NBMA Link
The creation and maintenance of adjacencies becomes more complicated when used over non-broadcast links. An NBMA link is neither a broadcast medium nor a point-to-point link; it is a little of both. Furthermore, IS-IS does not have an NBMA link type. Using PVCs, NBMAs provide multiple connections, which could be viewed as a LAN. The confusion occurs when Integrated IS-IS sees the link is multiaccess. Having no knowledge of multiaccess WAN clouds, Integrated IS-IS believes tha..
The two most popular Layer 2 protocols used on point-to-point links are High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). The ISO standard for the much older HDLC does not include a Type field, so the Cisco HDLC implementation adds a Cisco-proprietary 2-byte Type field to support multiple protocols over an HDLC link. PPP includes an architected Protocol field, plus a long list of rich features. Table 17-5 points out some of the key comparison points of t..
A wealth of security concepts have been covered in the previous chapters; now, you are ready to look at some of the techniques that are used to secure areas of your network that are vulnerable to attacks, in particular the demilitarized zone (DMZ). The DMZ is defined as an isolated part of the network that is easily accessible to hosts outside of the network, such as the Internet. Figure 6-1 displays a typical network design where a DMZ is defined with a number of bastion h..
Suppose that a switch port is receiving BPDUs and the switch port is in the Blocking state. The port makes up a redundant path; it is blocking because it is neither a root port nor a designated port. It will remain in the Blocking state as long as a steady flow of BPDUs is received. If BPDUs are being sent over a link but the flow of BPDUs stops for some reason, the lastknown BPDU is kept until the Max Age timer expires. Then that BPDU is flushed, and the switch thinks..
