Looking at RTF's BGP table in Example 11-36, you can see the AS_PATH information at the end of each line. Network 192.68.11.0/24 is learned via IBGP with AS_PATH 1 and via EBGP with AS_PATH 2 1. This means that if RTF wanted to reach 192.68.11.0/24 via IBGP, it could go to AS1, and if RTF wanted to reach 192.68.11.0/24 via EBGP, it would have to go via AS2 and then AS1. BGP always prefers the shortest path, which is why the path via IBGP with AS_PATH 1 is preferred. The > ..
Broadcast Configuration over NBMA
If the NBMA cloud is fully meshed, IS-IS broadcast is an option (although it is not recommended). If used, IS-IS treats the cloud as a broadcast medium and elects a DIS. If you manually choose the DIS, you must take into consideration the topology, data flow, and router capacity. This option is discouraged because of its complexity. The configuration is more involved and the topology is less efficient. Remember that hello and routing updates are used differently ..
Source-Based Distribution Trees
Dense-mode routing protocols are suitable for dense topology in which there are many multicast group members relative to the total number of hosts in a network. When a PIM-DM router receives a multicast packet, it first performs the RPF check. If the RPF check succeeds, the router forwards a copy of the packet to all the PIM neighbors except the one on which it received the packet. Each PIM-DM router repeats the process and floods the entire network with the group traffic. Ul..
The first major deployment of RSVP technology came with Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) traffic engineering (TE). MPLS traffic engineering automatically establishes and maintains label-switched paths (LSPs) across the backbone by using RSVP to establish and guarantee "tunnels" of predictable bandwidth. RSVP operates at each LSP hop and is used to signal and maintain LSPs based on the MPLS TE calculated path. MPLS TE uses principles from RFC 2205 (basic RSVP) and RFC 3209..
By default, the router will terminate an EXEC session after 10 minutes of inactivity. Often administrators find that 10 minute inactivity timers are a nuisance and dislike having to log in to a router several times throughout the day. So Cisco provides a way to modify or disable the inactivity timer. It is important to note that this affects only timeouts due to inactivity. The exec-timeout command has two arguments: Router1(config-line)#exec-timeout 240 0 The first argument..
