A bit of a battle is shaping up inside the industry over 2G, 2.5G, and 2.75G solutions. Verizon and Sprint are backing (code division multiple access) CDMA2000 technology. AT&T Wireless, Cingular Wireless, and VoiceStream are backing the Global System of Mobility/General Packet Radio Service (GSM/GPRS) systems, which provide speeds that range from 15 to 40 kbps. Nextel is backing its iDEN (Motorola proprietary version of TDMA with its unique push-to-talk radio capability)..
IP ARP is widely understood and relatively simple. As a result, it is hard to ask difficult questions about ARP on an exam. However, the topics of Frame Relay Inverse ARP (InARP), its use, defaults, and when static mapping must be used lend themselves to being the source of tricky exam questions. So, this section covers Frame Relay InARP to show some of the nuances of when and how it is used. InARP discovers the DLCI to use to reach a particular adjacent IP address. However, ..
Configuring IPX Type 20 Packet Forwarding
Many applications in the NetWare environment use the Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS) request services from IPX servers. These services include session establishment and termination and information transfer. On a NetWare client, a NetBIOS application using IPX broadcasts type 20 propagation packets to all IPX networks to get information about named nodes on the network. NetBIOS uses named nodes for resources on the network. To communicate with these resources, Net..
Frame Relay Payload Compression
Cisco IOS software supports three options for payload compression on Frame Relay VCs: packetby-packet, data-stream, and Frame Relay Forum Implementation Agreement 9 (FRF.9). FRF.9 is the only standardized protocol of the three options. FRF.9 compression and data-stream compression function basically the same way; the only real difference is that FRF.9 implies compatibility with non-Cisco devices. All three FR compression options use LZS as the compression algorithm, but one ..
Hierarchical Queuing Architecture for Frame Relay
When Frame Relay encapsulation is configured for serial interfaces on Cisco routers, two levels of queuing can exist for the serial interfaces. By default, when the Frame Relay interface is congested, the interface-level queue is used to store the excess packets at the interface level until the interface becomes free to send them. In addition, a second level of queuing at the Frame Relay PVC level is possible with Frame Relay Traffic Shaping. NOTE WFQ is the default queuing..
