Label Bindings and Propagation in Frame-Mode MPLS

The previous section identifies the mechanisms necessary to forward labeled packets between the LSRs using framed interfaces (LAN, point-to-point links, or WAN virtual circuits). This section focuses on FEC-to-label bindings and their propagation between LSRs over framed interfaces. Cisco IOS software implements two label binding protocols that can be used to associate IP subnets with MPLS labels for the purpose of unicast destination-based routing: ■ Tag Distribution Prot..

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service

RADIUS is a client/server-based system that secures a Cisco network against intruders. Implemented in Cisco IOS, RADIUS sends authentication requests to a RADIUS server. RADIUS was created by Livingston Enterprises and is now defined in RFCs 2865/2866 (RFCs 2138/2139 are now obsolete). A RADIUS server is a device that has the RADIUS daemon or application installed. RADIUS must be used with AAA to enable the authentication, authorization, and accounting of remote users when us..

Using an Internal 56 Kbps CSU/DSU

The configuration for an internal 56 Kbps CSU/DSU is similar to that of an internal T1 CSU/DSU: Router2#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z. Router2(config)#interface Serial0/1 Router2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.99.25 255.255.255.252 Router2(config-if)#no shutdown Router2(config-if)#service-module 56k clock rate 9.6 Router2(config-if)#exit Router2(config)#end Router2# There are several options available for configuring in..

Showing Multicast Status

There are several useful commands for checking the status of multicast configuration and protocols. You can see what multicast routes pass through a router with the EXEC command: Router#show ip mroute There are two useful variants of this command. The first reports on forwarding statistics for each multicast group: Router#show ip mroute count And the second reports only on the groups that are currently active: Router#show ip mroute active You can look at statistics on ..

The Frame Relay Header

v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} The standard Frame Relay header consists of two octets. Figure 1-4 illustrates the standard Frame Relay header.   Figure 1-4. Standard Frame Relay Header   The DLCI is a 10-bit address in the Frame Relay header, whose possible value ranges from 0 to 1023. The DLCI makes up the largest portion of the Frame Relay h..