An Alternative to NAPs: Direct Interconnections

As the Internet continues to grow, the enormous amount of traffic exchanged between large networks is becoming greater than many NAPs can scale to support. Capacity issues at the NAPs often result in data loss and instability. In addition, large private networks and ISPs sometimes are reluctant to rely on seemingly less-interested third party NAP managers to resolve service-affecting issues and provision additional capacity. For these reasons, over the last few years an alter..

Classful Distance-Vector to Classless Distance-Vector Protocol

(IGRP to Enhanced IGRP)   In the case of Enhanced IGRP/ IGRP within the same autonomous system, the redistribution is automatic. Enhanced IGRP has two numeric distance values that distinguish between internal and external routes. Any route that has been redistributed into Enhanced IGRP via any other routing domain or routing protocols is considered external and has an administrative distance of 170. Any network within the Enhanced IGRP domain has a distance of 90...

Modifying Asian Routers

Now, you can focus your attention on the router s in Asia. Except for one remaining circuit that should be relocated from R15 to R17 or R18, everything else is well-defined. The circuit could be moved from R17 to R1, but you do not want to move this circuit to R14 because it already has a high-speed link from Europe to Asia. Losing R14 would mean that Asia loses all its high-speed links to Europe. If you move the R15 circuit to R17, it is beneficial to move an R14 circuit to ..

Upstream Versus Downstream QoS

Communication streams in a WLAN environment are over either Ethernet or radio media. Furthermore, the flows occur in either the upstream or downstream direction, as shown in Figure 11-2. Figure 11-2. Ethernet/Radio Upstream/Downstream Flows      Ethernet downstream refers to traffic leaving the switch/router traveling to the access point (AP). QoS may be applied at this point to prioritize and rate-limit traffic to the AP. Radio downstream QoS refers to the ..

PE-CE Communication via EIGRP

The solution to this problem is similar to the RIP solution. First we have to enable the routing protocol on the CE routers, which we do in the usual way: Router-CE-A1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z. Router-CE-A1(config)#router eigrp 156 Router-CE-A1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 Router-CE-A1(config-router)#network 192.168.5.0 Router-CE-A1(config-router)#no auto-summary Router-CE-A1(config-router)#end Router-C..